And Once Again Abu-Dhar
by: Dr. Ali Shariati

Part Six



No tricks would work against this obstinate, brazen, pious and conscious

  man. Only coercion remained. He wrote to 'Uthman: If you need Damascus,

  take Abu Dharr away from here because complexes are swelling, the heads

  of wounds have opened up and an explosion is near. 'Uthman ordered him to

  be sent to Madinah.

 

  They placed him in a wooden packsaddle on a camel's back and engaged

  several savage slaves to take him back to Madinah. Mu'awiyah ordered that

  no stops be made along the way, from Damascus to Madinah.
 
 

  The rider nears Madinah, tired and wounded; beside the city, he saw 'Ali

  on Mt. Sala' and beside him, 'Uthman and several other people. From a

  distance he cried out, "I give glad tidings to Madinah of a great and

  endless rebellion."
 
 

  The Caliph ordered no one to follow a religious edict from Abu Dharr but

  religious edicts were issued, one after another, by Abu Dharr. That which

  he had seen in Damascus, had made him more anxious and more brazen in

  struggle. 'Abd al-Rahman 'Awf, the head of the caliphate council of 'Umar,

  died and his heritage, which was an abundance of gold and silver, was piled

  up before 'Uthman. Abu Dharr heard that 'Uthman had said, "Abd al-Rahman is

  blessed by God that he lived well and when he died he left behind all of

  this wealth."
 
 

  Abu Dharr agitated and enflamed, invaded 'Uthman's house alone. On the way,

  he found a camel's bone. He picked it up and took it. He cried out to

  'Uthman, "You say that God has blessed a man who has died and left all of

  this gold and silver behind?"
 
 

  'Uthman, softly, replied, "Abu Dharr, does a person who has paid his zakat

  have other [religious] obligations, as well?"
 
 

  Abu Dharr recited the verse of kinz and said, "The problem here is not

  zakat; the problem is with anyone who hoards gold and silver and does

  not give it upon the Way of God."
 
 

  Ka'b al-Ahbar, a clergyman, formerly Jewish, who was sitting beside

  'Uthman, said, "This verse relates to the 'people of the Book' (Jews

  and Christians); it does not relate to Muslims."
 
 

  Abu Dharr cried out at him, "Son of a Jew! You want to teach our religion

  to us? May your mother mourn for you!" 'Uthman said, "If a man has paid

  his zakat and builds a palace, one brick of gold and one brick of silver

  there is no blame." Then he turned to Ka'b and asked him his opinion and

  Ka'b expressed the opinion that, "Yes, your majesty. That's the way it

  is!" Abu Dharr attacked him.

 

  Ka'b, out of fear, hid behind 'Uthman and placed himself in the refuge of

  the Caliph. The scene is complete! The scene of the drama of all of

  history! On one side, gold, coercion and the ruling religion in the

  visages of 'Abd al-Rahman, 'Uthman and Ka'b al Ahbar, and how exact and

  accurate! The principle, gold, coercion its supporter and religion, hidden

  behind coercion, its justifier. Confronting it, Abu Dharr, the sacrifice

  of exploitation, despotism and deception, the manifestation of the religion

  condemned by history and the oppressed class of history, God and the

  people!

 

  Abu Dharr, alone, disarmed, oppressed, with all of this, responsible and

  an assailant, takes Ka'b from the refuge of coercion, and with the camel's

  bone, pounded him so hard on the head that blood began to flow.

 

  'Uthman said, "How tiresome you have become, Abu Dharr; leave us."
 
 

  Abu Dharr said, "I am fed up with seeing you. Where should I go?"
 
 

  "To Rabadah."
 
 

  Marwan Hakam, an exile of the Prophet, was assigned to exile Abu Dharr.

  'Ali heard of the affair. He moaned. He took Hasan, Husayn and 'Aqil and

  they came to see him off. Marwan stood before 'Ali, "The Caliph has

  prohibited the seeing-off of Abu Dharr." 'Ali, with a whip, by-passed

  him, and went with Abu Dharr till Rabadhah.

 

  Raba&ah, a burning wilderness without water or cultivation, along the way

  of pilgrims; which, other than at the time of the hajj, becomes empty and

  silent. There he set up his torn tent and he met his needs with the few

  goats he had.
 
 

  Months passed. Poverty was increasing and hunger, more brazen. One by one,

  his goats died and he and his family faced death in the loneliness of the

  wilderness.

 

  His daughter died. He bore it patiently and considered it to have been

  upon the Way of God. A little later, the wolf of hunger attacked his son.

  He sensed responsibility. He went to Madinah and sought his wages, which

  had been cut off, from 'Uthman. 'Uthman did not answer him. He returned

  empty handed. His son's corpse was cold. He buried him with his own hands.

  Abu Dharr and Umm Dharr remained alone. Poverty, hunger and decrepitude

  had greatly weakened Abu Dharr's body. One day he felt he had come to the

  end of his strength. Hunger bothered him. He said to Umm Dharr, "Arise.

  Perhaps in this wilderness we will find some blades of grass to quiet our

  hunger a bit. Woman and man, for a great distance, from the parameters of

  the tent, searched and found nothing. Upon their return, Abu Dharr lost

  his strength. The sign of death showed itself in his face. Umm Dharr

  understood and, anxiouslv, asked, "What is happening to you, Abu Dharr?"
 
 

  "Separation is near! Leave my corpse on the way and ask wayfarers to help

   you bury me."

 

  "The hajjis have gone and there are no wayfarers." "It can't be. Get up

   and go on the hill. Some people will come for my death."

 

  Umm Dharr, from the top of the hill, saw three riders who were riding at a

  distance. She signaled to them. They came close.
 
 

  "May God bless you. A man is dying here. Help me bury him and receive your

   reward from God."
 
 

  "Who is he?"
 
 

  "Abu Dharr."
 
 

  "The friend of the Prophet?"
 
 

  "Yea."

 

  "May my mother and father be sacrificed for you O Abu Dharr! "
 
 

  They stood before him. He was still alive. He requested of them, "Any of

  you who are messengers of the government, spies or military personnel, do

  not bury me. If my wife or I had a cloth for my shroud, there would be no

  need."
 
 

  Only a youth from among the Helpers who had a non-government profession

  said, "I have this cloth with me which my mother wove." Abu Dharr prayed

  for him and said, "Shroud me with that."
 
 

  His mind at rest, everything was coming to an end. He closed his eyes and

  never opened them again. The wayfarers buried him under the hot sands of

  Rabadah. The young Helper stood beside his grave, whispering under his

  breath, "The Prophet of God stated it well!"

 

         He walks alone, dies alone and will be resurrected alone!
 

  "When?"
 

  "On the arising of the Day of Resurrection."

 
  "And, also, in the arising of every era and in the midst of every

    generation."
 
 

  And now, once again it is Abu Dharr who, among all of the visages buried

  in this shoreless cemetery of history, in our age and among us, will be

  resurrected alone."


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